Journal of FARM SCIENCES, Vol 23, No 1 (2010)

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Origin, introduction, distribution and management of the invasive spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell in India

M. Mani

Abstract


The spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell poses threat to many crops in  India. Aleurodicus dispersus, native to Caribbean islands and Central America probably came to India either from Sri Lanka or the Maldives. In India, it was first reported in 1993 at Thiruvananthapuram on tapioca and later from several other parts of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The pest is highly polyphagous infesting about 280 plant species in India. Eggs are laid in a typical spiral pattern from which the whitefly derives its common name. Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the leaves causing damage to several crops in peninsular India. Development of spiralling whitefly from egg to adult occupies 20 to 30 days. Heavy sporadic rains and cool temperatures result in a temporary reduction in A. dispersus population. The population of spiralling whitefly is found to be relatively higher during summer months and the density of the whitefly is positively correlated with maximum temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. Application of chemicals like dimethoate, triazhophos, monocrotophos, and cultural practices like pruning of the infested plants cause only temporary reduction in the population of spiralling whitefly. Survey revealed the presence of 45 predators and two parasitoids namely Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and Encarsia haitiensis Dozier. Both these accidentally introduced E.  haitiensis and E. guadeloupae are likely to cover all the spiralling whitefly areas and cause remarkable reduction in the population of A. despersus in India as witnessed in other countries.

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