The present investigation was carried out to study the relationship between nutritional factors and intelligance. Nutritional assessment of rural children was done by anthropometry, dietary, clinical and biochemical methods. Intelligence of children was assessed by Raven's Progressive Matrices. A statistically significant association was observed between nutritional status and intelligence. The percentage of children with past history of malnutrition were observed more in intellectually below average and intellectually defective group. On the other hand, a reverse trend was observed in normal children who had not suffered from past history of malnutrition; even though they were currently underfed.