Idukki is the major producer of black pepper in Kerala state. A study in the district was conducted to find whether there is technological change in black pepper production. Multistage sampling process was used to select the sample farmers. The sample size was sixty. Cobb-Douglas production functions and Bisaliah’s decomposition model were used for the analysis. In case of modern varieties age of vines, human labour and plant protection measures adopted were found to be positive and significant with elasticities 0.896, 0.041 and 0.058 respectively. Other variables like number of vines and manures and fertilizers applied were not statistically significant i.e. they were not found to affect the yield. In case of traditional varieties age of vines and plant protection measures adopted were significant and positive with elasticities 0.288 and 0.178 respectively. Other variables were not statistically significant. The value of intercept dummy was obtained as 0.469 at one per cent level of significance indicating there was structural break in production relations. Total estimated difference in productivity between the old and new technologies was 43.90 per cent of which 37.70 per cent was attributed purely due to difference in technology and 6.20 per cent due to difference in input level for the two technologies. Out of the total difference due to technology (37.70 per cent), 69.80 per cent was contributed by neutral technology alone; whereas the contribution of nonneutral technology was -32.10 per cent.