Agriculture, particularly dryland agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. The bio-physical constraints to dryland agriculture include acute water scarcity, frequent droughts, desertification and land degradation. Saurashtra region in Gujrat has been at the receiving end of constant droughts since several decades jeopardizing the food and water security in the region. The present study identified all those years in which the rainfall was deficit/surplus and the extent of surplus/ deficit rainfall in percentage. Furthermore, the construction of vulnerability indices during different periods facilitated the classification of districts under different degrees of vulnerability. The results revealed that while the years 1980, 1983 and 1988 were the wettest, 1987, 1993, 1999 and 2000 were the driest in all the districts of South Saurashtra. Similarly, 2007 was the wettest year and 1987 was the driest year in all the districts of North Saurasthra. Period-wise vulnerability indices revealed that the agricultural sector was the principal contributor to the overall vulnerability to climate change. The occupational indicators were the second largest contributors. Considering the regional vulnerability, investments in adaptation research, particularly in the development of climate proof crops, designing region-specific strategies such as rainwater harvesting, livestock development, income diversification and generating better employment opportunities in districts where out-migration is high as well as adopting resource conservation technologies emerged as the major suggestions from this study