Indian agriculture is mainly dependent on rainfall and about 53 per cent of cultivated area is still under rainfed conditions. Monsoon (seasonal wind which brings rain in India from June to September) acts as the lifeline for agriculture. As agriculture employs majority of the workforce and provides raw materials to the agro-based industries, any changes in rainfall pattern will have consequences on other sectors of the economy. Hence an understanding of dependence of Indian agriculture on rainfall over time will help us in better predicting the growth and will guide in policy making. With the backdrop of recent reports of changing climate and increased variability of rainfall, this study tries to find out variability in rainfall over the years across seasons. An attempt has also been made to compare the relationship between food grain production and rainfall over different periods of time. Results showed that, though Indian agriculture is still dependent on rainfall, the magnitude of dependence has come down during the recent period