With the growing limitation in arable land and water resources, the development of agriculture sector is only possible by increasing resources use efficiency with the minimum damage to agro ecology through effective use of modern technologies. Among these, nano technology has the potential to revolutionize agricultural systems, biomedicine, environmental engineering, safety and security, water resources, energy conversion, and numerous other areas.  Nanotechnology is working with the smallest possible particles which raise hopes for improving agricultural productivity through encountering problems unsolved conventionally. In the management aspects, efforts are made to increase the efficiency of applied fertilizer with the help of nano clays and zeolites and restoration of soil fertility by releasing fixed nutrients. Research on smart seeds programmed to germinate under favourable conditions with nano polymer coating are encouraging. In the controlled environment agriculture and precision farming input requirement of crops are diagnosed based on needs and required quantities are delivered in right time at right place with the help of nano biosensor and satellite system. Nanoherbicides are being developed to address the problems in perennial weed management and exhausting weed seed bank. Nano structured formulation through mechanisms such as targeted delivery or slow/controlled release mechanisms and conditional release, could release their active ingredients in response to environmental triggers and biological demands more precisely. Studies show that the use of nanofertilizers causes an increase in nutrients use efficiency, reduces soil toxicity, minimizes the potential negative effects associated with over dosage and reduces the frequency of the application. Hence, nanotechnology has a high potential for achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries.