Women are the most important productive force in agriculture the world over. India also has high percentages ofwomen employed in the agricultural sector, with estimates ranging between 60-98 per cent. Women contribution varies withregions and crops. Chilli is an important cash crop of Karnataka and more specifically Dharwad district and can boast of theworld famous Byadagi variety of chillies. The present investigation was undertaken to study women’s economic contributionand constraints faced in chilli cultivation. This study was conducted on a sample of 150 farm women in Kundgol taluk ofDharwad district in Karnataka as it is the highest chilli growing area. Personal interview method was used to collect the dataand suitable statistical tools were used for analyzing the data. The study revealed that, majority of the respondents werewithin the age group of 36-50 yrs, belonged to forward caste and had education upto primary level. More than fifty per centof the farm women belonged to joint and medium sized families. All respondents were from farming families mainlybelonging to marginal and small land holdings. About 60 per cent of the respondents had an annual family income upto`1,32,000. Majority of the respondents expressed price fluctuation, high cost of seeds as a major constraints in chillicultivation. The major health constraints faced by women are bodyache (82.66%), joint pains (76.66%) and shoulder pain(74.66%). The study also revealed that in chilli cultivation 23.42 mandays is contributed by men and 24.73 mandays iscontributed by women but the money received by men is ` 4684 and women is ` 3709.5. This finding reveals thatdifferential wages is the main reason why women’s contribution is undervalued. Although men and women perform thesame jobs, women receive less wages than men.