Climate change due to global warming is the phenomenon affecting the survival and composition of biosphereglobally which needs to be understood for its impact on agriculture by all particularly those engaged in agriculture todevelop strategies for mitigation and adaptation, transfer them to fields/growers or policy makers for sustainability ofagriculture and food security of the country which due to its subtropical placement is more prone to vagaries of climatechange. The melting Himalayan glaciers, vagaries of monsoon, dependencce of agriculture on monsoon and ever increasingdemographic pressures make the issue more important to be assessed and addressed on war footing, and, therefore, thereview covering the enigma of climate change, global carbon cycle and role of agriculture, impact on water availability andcrop performance, measures for climate proofing is presented in the article with special reference to Indian conditions