Green revolution had led to the increased consumption of chemical fertilizers which resulted in the higherproductivity on one hand, where as on the other hand it also caused environmental hazards. Nutrient use efficiency ofconventional fertilizers is very low.  To overcome all these drawbacks in a better way, nanotechnology can be a ray of hope.Nano fertilizer is an important tool in agriculture to improve crop growth, yield and quality parameters with increasednutrient use efficiency , reduction in wastage of fertilizers and cost of cultivation. Nanofertilizers are applied either to soiland/ or leaves. Foliar application can be done during unfavourable soil and weather conditions. In addition to this, itpromotes the direct entry of nutrients into the plant system, thus reduce the wastage of fertilizer. Hence, foliar applicationof nanofertilizer leads to higher nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and has given a rapid response to the growth of crops.Nanofertilizers are more reactive and can penetrate through cuticle, ensuring controlled release and targeted delivery.Present review summarizes the mode of action of nanofertilizers in to the plant system and effect of foliar appliednanofertilizers on crop growth, yield, quality , NUE and alleviation of abiotic stress and heavy metals toxicity .Key words: Abiotic stress, Foliar spray, Nanofertilizer, Nutrient use efficiency , Phloem tissues